Excision of granulomas is a surgical procedure performed to remove granulomas, which are small, localized areas of chronic inflammation that form as a response to persistent irritation, infection, or foreign substances in the body. Granulomas are characterized by a collection of macrophages, which are immune cells that attempt to isolate and contain the offending material. The procedure involves surgically cutting out the granuloma and surrounding tissue, often under local or general anesthesia, to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying cause. The causes of granuloma formation vary widely and can include chronic infections (such as tuberculosis or fungal infections), autoimmune diseases (such as sarcoidosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis), foreign body reactions, or inflammatory conditions. Granulomas can also result from conditions like Crohn's disease or specific drug reactions. They are typically discovered when they cause symptoms or are found incidentally during imaging or biopsies of other conditions. Symptoms that may prompt the excision of granulomas include localized pain, swelling, and discomfort in the affected area. If granulomas are present on the skin, they may appear as lumps or nodules that can be tender or unsightly. In cases where granulomas are located internally, symptoms can vary depending on their location and the underlying condition, potentially causing systemic symptoms or contributing to the discomfort of chronic disease. Complications from excision of granulomas are generally minimal but can include infection, bleeding, and scarring at the surgical site. There is a risk of wound dehiscence, where the wound reopens, especially if the area is not kept clean or if there is excessive strain on the healing tissue. Incomplete removal of the granuloma can lead to recurrence, meaning the granuloma may reappear or new granulomas may form if the underlying cause is not addressed. Additionally, in some cases, damage to surrounding tissues or structures during the procedure may occur, potentially leading to functional impairments or cosmetic concerns. Proper surgical technique, along with diligent post-operative care, including wound care and monitoring for signs of infection or complications, is essential for minimizing risks and ensuring optimal outcomes. Excision of granulomas is a targeted approach to manage localized inflammation and improve patient comfort and function.
